Thursday, August 27, 2020

Profile of Enheduanna, Priestess of Inanna

Profile of Enheduanna, Priestess of Inanna Enheduanna is the most punctual creator and writer on the planet that history knows by name. Enheduanna (Enheduana) was the little girl of the incomparable Mesopotamian ruler, Sargon of Akkad. Her dad was Akkadian, a Semitic people. Her mom may have been Sumerian. Enheduanna was the selected by her dad to be priestess of the sanctuary of Nanna, the Akkadian moon god, in the biggest city and focus of her dads domain, the city of Ur. In this position, she would likewise have headed out to different urban areas in the empire. She additionally clearly held some affable power, motioned by the En in her name. Enheduanna helped her dad set his political power and join the Sumerian city-states by consolidating the love of numerous neighborhood city goddesses into the love of the Sumerian goddess, Inanna, raising Inanna to a better situation over different divinities. Enheduanna wroteâ three songs to Inanna which endure and which outline three very various subjects of antiquated strict confidence. In one, Inanna is a brutal warrior goddess who crushes a mountain despite the fact that different divine beings won't help her. A second, thirty verses long, observes Inannas job in administering human progress and managing the home and youngsters. In a third, Enheduanna approaches her own relationship with the goddess for help in recovering her situation as priestess of the sanctuary against a male usurper. The long content that recounts to the account of Inanna is accepted by a couple of researchers to be erroneously credited to Enheduanna yet the agreement is that it is hers. In any event 42, maybe upwards of 53, different psalms endure that are credited to Enheduanna, including three songs to the moon god, Nanna, and different sanctuaries, divine beings, and goddesses. Enduring cuneiform tablets with the songs are duplicates from around 500 years after Enheduanna lived, bearing witness to the endurance of the investigation of her sonnets in Sumer. No contemporary tablets endure. Since we dont know how the language was articulated, we can't concentrate a portion of the organization and style of her sonnets. The sonnets appear to have eight to twelve syllables for each line, and numerous lines end with vowel sounds. She additionally utilizes reiteration of sounds, words, and expressions. Her dad governed for a long time and designated her to the high priestess position late in his reign. When he kicked the bucket and was prevailing by his child, she proceeded in that position. At the point when that sibling kicked the bucket and another succeeded him, she stayed in her incredible position. When her second decision sibling passed on, and Enheduannas nephew Naram-Sin dominated, she again proceeded in her position. She may have kept in touch with her long sonnets during his rule, as answers to parties that opposed him. (The name Enheduanna is additionally composed as Enheduana. The name Inanna is additionally composed as Inana.) Dates:â about 2300 BCE - assessed at 2350 or 2250 BCEOccupation: priestess of Nanna, artist, song writerAlso Known as: Enheduana, En-hedu-AnaPlaces: Sumer (Sumeria), City of Ur Family Father: King Sargon the Great (Sargon of Agade or Akkad, ~2334-2279 BCE) Enheduanna: Bibliography Betty De Shong Meador. Inanna, Lady of Largest Heart: Poems of the Sumerian High Priestess Enheduanna. 2001.Samuel N. Kramer, Diane Wolkstein. Inanna: Queen of Heaven and Earth. 1983.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Investment Risks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Speculation Risks - Essay Example This alludes to the poor procuring reports, legitimate activities against the organization, the executives insufficiency, or potential liquidation related issues that may shield a financial specialist from putting resources into the company’s protections and stocks. Credit chance alludes to the likelihood that the organization won't have the option to meet its commitments and pay off its obligations as and when these become due. On the off chance that this circumstance emerges, this could have a definitely negative impact on the company’s execution and its recognition into the brains of potential speculators. This may likewise bring about a decrease in stock costs and may at last lead to dissolvability issues for the company.This alludes to the circumstance where developments in return rates antagonistically influence the ventures for an individual or the organization. The trade rates may move for or against the ventures for individuals. In the event that trade rates ar e diminishing, an interest in a security gets appealing as other venture models, as outside money, gets ugly because of trade rates being decreased. Be that as it may, if trade rates show an expanding pattern, a financial specialist probably won't be eager to put resources into a company’s protections until the arrival from the interest in protections is more than the arrival from interests in remote cash. Likewise, for global organizations or for the individuals who attempt to broaden their portfolio by putting resources into outside monetary standards, trade hazard may be an exceptionally basic component to consider before making the speculation.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Research Proposal Writing

Research Proposal WritingAs an investigator, you need to have good research proposal writing skills to ensure your success. When it comes to the production of proposals, the process must be handled with care and caution. Do not just throw together a proposal as soon as you receive it from the researcher.A good research proposal writing requires a lot of careful preparation. All the research should be ready at least a few weeks before submission. For research proposals, a little bit of research can save a lot of money. Instead of writing research on scratch paper, start researching your topic in advance.In this case, you can use templates for research proposal writing. Aside from saving time, templates also help streamline the entire process. After all, the main objective of research proposal writing is to deliver a high quality document to your research institute.If you are able to plan out your research proposal in advance, the last step is to format the research. The format should be something that will stand out from the rest. Remember that a badly written research proposal will ruin your chances of securing funding. Therefore, be careful to keep your ideas organized and well laid out.Your research proposal will definitely make a statement about your capabilities. If the summary does not contain any strong points, then you will be in danger of being overlooked. On the other hand, if you come up with a nice looking summary, then you will get more grants and contracts. Thus, planning ahead will ensure that you get the best possible benefits.Finally, research proposal writing is not an easy thing to do. It takes time, practice, and many failures. What you should do is to take a break from the whole process once in a while. You should never force yourself to finish it at all costs. This is why a break should be taken whenever your confidence is shot or your stamina is low.The key to research proposal writing is making sure that you have all the required resource s to write the proposal. Do not just use the internet to research your topic. Since the internet is full of information, go out and visit libraries to get as much as possible. If possible, get hold of a good reference manual so that you can learn from it from time to time.Do not expect to get good results overnight. You have to put in time and effort to get the best out of your research proposal writing.

Monday, May 25, 2020

Types of Cancer - 1236 Words

Cancer Research Task Types of Cancer: Carcinoma - is a cancer that lines the surface of the skin, glands, organs which are the epithelial tissue. Sarcoma- is a cancer that grows on the cartilage, fat, bone, muscle and tendons which are the connective tissues in the body. Leukaemia- is a cancer of the bone marrow and affects the blood, lymphatic and immune system. I have decided to do my Cancer Research task on skin cancer as it is a very common form of cancer and my grandpa was a victim to it. It also has a very broad research field that interests me and I would like to know and better understand how my grandpa acquired it and how his lifestyle had to be accommodated to prevent the skin cancer from spreading or from developing again. Skin cancer There are three most common types of skin cancer: Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) - Most common form of skin cancer and is found in the basal cells which are located in the outer skin layer. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) – Second most common form of skin cancer and develops in the form of a tumour located on the outer skin layer. Malignant Melanoma- Most deadly form of skin cancer, it can be cured by early detection and regular self-examination is very important. Can be detected by examining if your mole is asymmetrical, if the borders are irregular or blurred, the colour must be the same, the size and if the mole is growing. [The ABC’s of Melanoma, Addendum A] The normal function of the skin: The skinShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer : A Type Of Cancer1195 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancer is a type of cancer where a malignant tumor is formed in the breast, which continually grows and infects the surrounding tissues [1]. This type of cancer is the most common type of cancer found in women. On average about 26% of women developed breast cancer in 2015 [2]. There are multiple signs and symptoms that can help one become aware if they have the disease. The most prominent key feature is the presence of a lump in your breast or armpit. Such signs may be indicative of breastRead MoreCancer : A Type Of Disease1203 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Paper: Cancer Cancer, is a type of disease that involves abnormal cell growth and has the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Not all tumors are cancerous, there is one type that is not cancerous; benign tumors (which do not spread to other parts of the body). Possible signs and symptoms include: a distinct lump, a lengthened cough, irregular bleeding, unexplained weight loss, a difference in bowel movements, and many others. While these symptoms may cause cancer, they mayRead MoreTypes Of Treatment For Cancer1685 Words   |  7 PagesCancer is a name given to a lot of diseases that combine together, that might cause death, tumors, and long days of treatment. Some of the cells then separate and spread into the tissues without stopping. Cancer can start anywhere in the body, the human body has trillions of cells, and when cells grow they get replaced with new ones. But when cancer starts the process of replacing old cells with new ones stops. When the cells get damaged or gr ow old new cells grow, but sometimes the cells aren’tRead MoreLung Cancer : The Common Type Of Cancer1963 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to the American Cancer Society, lung cancer is the most common type of cancer in the world and has a mortality rate higher than colon, prostate, ovarian, and breast cancers combined.1 There are 3 types of lung cancer including non-small cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer, and lung carcinoid tumor. Approximately 85% of lung cancer cases are non-small cell, which include subtypes of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.2 Although less common, making up 10-15%Read MoreProstate Cancer : A Common Type Of Cancer914 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Testicular cancer is a very common type of cancer found in men. I have decided to write my research paper on this subject, as it has affected one of my very close friends. I spent most a year learning about this disease from his detection, exams, treatment and ultimately, surgery. During and after his surgery I took on the role of being his primary caregiver, providing him with emotional and physical support. This cancer was extremely sudden and in the end caused various traumaticRead MoreThe Type Of Blood Cancer1111 Words   |  5 PagesMultiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common type of blood cancer.1 It is found in plasma cells inside the intermedullary canal of the diaphysis of a long bone.2 Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell. They function to help the body fight infections by making antibodies that recognize and attack germs. MM starts when a plasma cell becomes abnormal in the bone marrow and begins to multiple quickly. These abnormal, now cancerous cells accumulate and eventually outnumber the production of healthyRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Dangerous Type Of Cancer1502 Words   |  7 PagesMost people know breast cancer is a dangerous type of cancer that affects both men and women. Author Gayle Sulik of Pink Ribbon Blues: How Breast Cancer Culture Undermines Women s Health describes breast cancer as, â€Å"abnormal cells [that] appear in the ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple) or the lobules (glands that make milk) and, more importantly, have the capacity to spread (metastasize)† (164). Breast cancer can be treated with surgeries and chemotherapy, radiation, and hormonal therapiesRead MoreDifferent Types of Cancer2057 Words   |  8 PagesInt roduction: In this century, more than one hundred types of cancers have been discovered, and enormous medical efforts have been made all over the world to fight these cancers. Although medicine has come a long way in this field, different cancers are still emerging and are still claiming the lives of millions. One of these cancers that has gained ongoing support and awareness is breast cancer. Breast cancer has been and is currently an ongoing battle that people encounter all over the world. Read MoreProstate Cancer : The Most Common Types Of Cancer1576 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men. According to the American Cancer Society, â€Å"there are nearly 3 million prostate cancer survivors in the United States today and this number is expected to increase to almost 4.2 million by 2024. Most prostate cancers (93%) are diagnosed at the local or regional stage, before the cancer has spread to surrounding organs. Treatment at these early stages is often very successful, and the 5-year relative survival rate approachesRead MoreBreast Cancer : The Most Common Types Of Cancer811 Words   |  4 PagesBreast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. â€Å"With 55,222 new cases in the UK alone in 2014†. (Cancer Research UK Org) http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/breast-cancer [02 April 2017] With hundreds of foundations and charities built for people struggling with breast cancer there are a numerous amount of treatment and preventions. However, breast cancer is a disease where cancerous breast cells g row rapidly and out of control

Friday, May 15, 2020

Nationalism in Politics and Culture

Nationalism is a term used to describe a fervent emotional identification with ones country and its people, customs, and values. In politics and public policy, nationalism is a doctrine whose mission is to protect a nations right to self-govern and shield fellow residents of a state from global economic and social pressures. The opposite of nationalism is globalism. Nationalism can range from the unthinking devotion of flag-waving patriotism in its most benign form to chauvinism, xenophobia, racism, and  ethnocentrism  at its worst and most dangerous.  It is often associated with the sort of deeply emotional commitment to one’s nation — over and against all others — that leads to atrocities like those committed by the National Socialists in Germany in the 1930s, wrote University of West Georgia philosophy professor Walter Riker. Political and Economic Nationalism In the modern era, President Donald Trumps America First doctrine was centered on nationalist policies that included higher tariffs on imports, a crackdown on illegal immigration, and the withdrawal of the United States from trade agreements his administration believed were harmful to American workers. Critics described Trumps brand of nationalism as white identity politics; indeed, his election coincided with the rise of the so-called alt-right movement,  a loosely connected group of young, disaffected Republicans and white nationalists. In 2017, Trump told the United Nations General Assembly: In foreign affairs, we are renewing this founding principle of sovereignty. Our governments first duty is to its people, to our citizens, to serve their needs, to ensure their safety, to preserve their rights and to defend their values. I will always put America first, just like you, as the leaders of your countries, will always and should always put your countries first. Benign Nationalism? National Review editor Rich Lowry and senior editor Ramesh Ponnuru used the term benign nationalism in 2017: The outlines of a benign nationalism are not hard to discern. It includes loyalty to one’s country: a sense of belonging, allegiance, and gratitude to it. And this sense attaches to the country’s people and culture, not just to its political institutions and laws. Such nationalism includes solidarity with one’s countrymen, whose welfare comes before, albeit not to the complete exclusion of, that of foreigners. When this nationalism finds political expression, it supports a federal government that is jealous of its sovereignty, forthright and unapologetic about advancing its people’s interests, and mindful of the need for national cohesion. Many argue, though, that there is no such thing as benign nationalism and that any nationalism is divisive and polarizing at its most innocuous and hateful and dangerous when carried to extremes. Nationalism is not unique to the United States, either. Waves of nationalist sentiment have swept through the electorate in Britain and other parts of Europe, China, Japan, and India. One notable example of nationalism was the so-called Brexit vote in 2016 in which citizens of the United Kingdom chose to leave the European Union.   Types of Nationalism in the United States In the United States, there are several kinds of nationalism, according to research conducted by sociology professors at Harvard and New York universities. The professors, Bart Bonikowski and Paul DiMaggio, identified the following groups: Restrictive nationalism, or the  belief that the only true Americans are Christians, speak English, and were born in the United States.Ardent nationalism, or the belief that the  United States is superior ethnically, racially, or culturally to other countries. This can be referred to as ethnic nationalism, too. White nationalists espouse white supremacist or white separatist ideologies and believe non-whites are inferior. Those hate groups include the Ku Klux Klan, neo-Confederates, neo-Nazis, racist skinheads, and Christian Identity.  Civic or liberal nationalism, the belief that  Americas democratic institutions and constitutionally protected liberties are superior, or exceptional. Sources and Further Reading on Nationalism Heres where you can read more about all forms of nationalism. What 4 types of American nationalism can tell us about Trump voters:  Bart Bonikowski and Paul DiMaggio, The Washington PostFor Love of Country,  Rich Lowry and Ramesh Ponnuru,  National ReviewNationalism can have its good points. Really.:  Prerna Singh, The Washington PostOn Nationalism and Exceptionalism: Yuval Levin, Ethics Public Policy CenterThe Trouble With Nationalism, Jonah Goldberg, National Review

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Bipolar Disorder Is A Chronic Recurrent Illness That Can

Bipolar disorder is a chronic recurrent illness that can be categorized by 3 different types (Bipolar 1 Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder and Cyclothymic Disorder). Bipolar I disorder known as manic-depressive disorder or manic depression is a form of mental illness that is characteristic of a person as having at least one manic episode in his/her life (Jordan Halter, M 2014). These episodes usually result in excessive activity and energy. A manic episode is a period of abnormally elevated mood and high energy, accompanied by abnormal behavior that disrupts life. Most people with bipolar I disorder also suffer from episodes of depression, and often cycle between mania and depression (Jordan Halter, M 2014). Bipolar II disorder is a form of†¦show more content†¦(Jordan Halter, M 2014) Challenges faced by people that suffer with bipolar disorder are: uncontrollable mood swings between depression and mania that seem to appear suddenly, anxiety disorders that can be debilitating and alter sleep patterns, maintaining and managing stable relationships with others, addressing and controlling any addictions and substance abuse issues, and finding the right medication (Tartakovsky, M 2016). Lithium is usually the first line of medication treatment, but it is important to know about the medications being prescribed and the affects they have on the individual, not all medications work and react the same in everyone. (Tartakovsky, M 2016) The theoretical foundation I’ve chosen for my group is Beck’s cognitive –behavioral theory (CBT). The theory focuses on behaviors, linking symptom manifestations to thinking patterns, reinforcing adaptive behaviors and minimizing and framing dysfunctional thought patters (Jordan Halter, M 2014). The time of the group is limited and the goal is to change behavior through shifting thinking patterns (Jordan Halter, M 2014). I chose this theoretical foundation as the basis for my group because it has been found to be successful in other therapy groups where the members suffer from bipolar disorder. The name of myShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Manic Depressive Illnesses1143 Words   |  5 PagesGreek. The basis of the current concept of manic-depressive illnesses can be traced back to the 1850-s. Since then it has been regarded as a separate condition: bipolar disorder and described as illness causing recurrent oscillations between mania and depression. Bipolar disorder is characterized by severe and unusual changes in energy level, mood, and interactions with others. The mood swings associated with bipolar disorder are unpredictable, and range from mania (elevated or irritable mood)Read MoreDepression Is a Common but Serious Illness776 Words   |  4 Pagesin their life. When these feelings seem to consume one’s life and not disappear it can lead to depression. Depression is a common but very serious illness. This illness affects the daily activities of an individual and the people that surround them. Depression can occur in many different ways. Major depressive episode, or major depression, is a period of intense depressed mood. This particular type of depression can occur at any age and have diverse characteristics depending on the circumstance. IndividualsRead MoreAnalysis Of Pat Solitano ( Bradley Cooper )1501 Words   |  7 Pagesmet her. To end the movie, they share a kiss and begin a romantic relationship. A Critical Analysis: Portrayal of Mental Illness/Persons with Mental Illness In the movie Silver Linings Playbook there are two main characters, Pat and Tiffany, whom portray a type of mental illness. Below, I will explain each character in regards to their symptoms and portrayal of mental illness and compare the information discussed in the Abnormal Psychology Textbook. Pat (Bradley Cooper): In the beginning, Pat wasRead MoreClinical Outcome Research Regarding Pediatric Bipolar Disorder950 Words   |  4 PagesClinical Outcome Research Regarding Pediatric Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder is a life-impacting condition that is often chronic, creates significant impairment, and is marked by a cycling between depressive and manic episodes. These episodes are manifested by unusual and extreme shifts in mood, energy levels, and behaviors that interfere with executive functioning (Wilkinson, Taylor, Holt, 2002). Divided into two levels of diagnosis; Bipolar I Disorder is defined by the occurrence of a manic episodeRead MoreThroughout Lifetime We All Go Through Experiences That1276 Words   |  6 Pagesaffect our everyday life. But there is a condition known as Bipolar Disorder that changes all of this. This essay will discuss the stigma and structural violence associated with Bipolar Disorder and mental illness. It will also discuss how popular cultural depicts mental health. Bipolar disorder also known as manic- depressive illness is a chronic mental illness characterized by fluctuations in mood and energy that manifests as recurrent episodes of highs which are called mania and extreme lows knownRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1651 Words   |  7 Pagesunique structures of cannabinoids. In addition, the major psychoactive ingredient in marijuana is THC, which additionally has medicinal and psychoactive elements (The Weed Blog). Meanwhile, society oversee the positive outcome of what medical cannabis can achieve. People often forget that marijuana isn t just for recreational occasion, it has been used medically for thousands of years till today. It is used around the world where the use of medical cannabis is legal. Currently, there is 27 states inRead MoreAbstract. Developing What Are The Therapeutic Levels Of1261 Words   |  6 Pagesacute phase of bipolar disorder in its manic stage and in reducing the frequency and severity of relapses of this mental illness. Developing what are the therapeutic levels of lithium we must also comment that lithium is a metal that is not free in nature. Authors determined plasma levels of lithium, recognizing its clinical effects in the acute phase of bipolar disorder in its manic stage and in reducing the frequency and severity of relapses of this mental illness. In the UnitedRead MoreBipolar Disorder Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar disorder, also commonly referred to as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual and heightened swings in a person’s mood, energy level, and ability to function. The symptoms of bipolar disorder can be severe and therefore, they are quite different from the normal shifts in mood that everyone goes through on a daily basis. The effects of bipolar disorder can result in broken relationships, poor performance at work or school, self-mutilation, and even suicide. HoweverRead MoreAssociations Between Major Depressive Disorder And Bipolar Disorder1894 Words   |  8 PagesAssociations between Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder Major Depressive Episodes are prominent in Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder which can create difficultly to the differentiation of the both. As found in Forty et.al (2008)’s study, Major Depressive Episodes contributes to the optimum management of the two disorders, which they also suggest that it is of great clinical importance to be able to distinguish between them. (Kennedy, Lam, Parikh, Patten, Ravindran, 2009)Read MoreSymptoms Of Symptoms And Treatment Of A Depressive Disorder1340 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This case study pertains to a 37 year-old female named Ellen Waters of undisclosed race who appears to be suffering with some form of a depressive disorder. Ellen is a single (never married) graduate student who lives alone and works in home healthcare. Throughout her adult life she has been unable to or uninterested in maintaining a job or a relationship for longer than a few years, and even her current relationship may be waning (the longest she’s had, at about six years). Her

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Brave New World Religion Essay Example For Students

Brave New World: Religion Essay Thesis: Mans need for answers to questions that cannot be solved throughknown applications of science and technology has resulted in the widespreadbelief in religion. I.PurposeElimination of stressAddiction to soma1. Rioting addicts 2. Religious fanaticsIICharacteristicsRitualsSacrificesOfferingsB. GodsInterpretersPopeDali LamaMustapha MondD. WritingsIII. FunctionExplaining unknownPhilosophySupernaturalProviding aidSanctioning conductMoralsTraditionsDelegating decisionsThe Basis of ReligionIn the novel Brave New World civilized society lives in a world of science andtechnology. Major changes have occurred during the future; Utopia now revolves a religion of drugs and sex. God and the cross have been replaced by Ford and the symbol T, the founder of the age of machines. Instead of Sunday church, members now attend solidarity services where morals and tradition are not learned, but rather faith is taught in the belief of hallucinations produced by a substance known as soma. Soma has effectively replaced the belief in a higher being by its elimination of problems and stress resulting in a lack of imagination , creativity, or soul. Yet religion can st ill be found in todays society because of mans continuing need for answers toquestions that cannot be solved by science or technology. Religion can be regarded as the beliefs and patterns of behavior by which humans try to deal with problems and stress that cannot be solved through practical applications of science or technology. Brave New World deals with stress by its elimination of problems through the use of soma. As shown in the novel, the people have been addicted to soma as to the point of rioting when their supply is threatened. Their attitude can be related to religious fanatics who accomplish violent actions in the right of their religion. Present day society turns to lesser forms of expression through weekly attendance to their place of worship in hopes of a stress-free life. To overcome these limitations, society turns to the manipulation of supernatural beings and powers. Consisting of various rituals, prayers, songs, dances, offerings, and sacrifices, people try to manipulate supernatural beings to their advantage. Recipients of riches, power, and glory have often praised their Savior. These beings may be Gods and Goddesses or even ancestral spirits. In all societies there are certain individuals especially skilled at dealing with these beings and powers who assist other members of society in their ritual activities. A great amount of power can be delegated to these individuals such as the Pope or the Dali Lama. Brave New World has its own religious interpreter in the seven world controllers. Mustapha Mond controls the thoughts, emotions and happiness of the people under his control. By interpreting the collection of writings revealed by the higher being, high priests or priestesses can provide the answers to mans questionsReligion has a number of advantages to society. Many citizens of the world often ponder many questions ranging from classroom phi losophy to ghosts and goblins. Religion reduces anxiety by explaining the unknown and making it understandable, as well as provide comfort in the belief that supernatural aid is available in times of crises. Religion teaches morals and traditions, notions of right and wrong. By setting precedents for acceptable behavior, peace and harmony may be achieved. The burden of responsibility is lifted from the shoulders of mankind by transferring the weight of decision making from individuals to higher beings. In contrast to Brave New World present day society may seem crude and low to mighty science and technology, yet followers around the world continue practicing their faith. By believing in the Almighty during their time on earth, churchgoers hope to achieve everlasting glory and paradise in the afterlife. This can be seen in the direct relationship of the increase of religious activities in older age groups. Man refuses to believe that their time in history can be so insignificant as to be numbered in years. To escape the fear of death, mans dreams, hopes, and aspirations are held in faith and the belief of religion. .udcb8a775615594d59a7687c9708d065d , .udcb8a775615594d59a7687c9708d065d .postImageUrl , .udcb8a775615594d59a7687c9708d065d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udcb8a775615594d59a7687c9708d065d , .udcb8a775615594d59a7687c9708d065d:hover , .udcb8a775615594d59a7687c9708d065d:visited , .udcb8a775615594d59a7687c9708d065d:active { border:0!important; } .udcb8a775615594d59a7687c9708d065d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udcb8a775615594d59a7687c9708d065d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udcb8a775615594d59a7687c9708d065d:active , .udcb8a775615594d59a7687c9708d065d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udcb8a775615594d59a7687c9708d065d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udcb8a775615594d59a7687c9708d065d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udcb8a775615594d59a7687c9708d065d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udcb8a775615594d59a7687c9708d065d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udcb8a775615594d59a7687c9708d065d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udcb8a775615594d59a7687c9708d065d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udcb8a775615594d59a7687c9708d065d .udcb8a775615594d59a7687c9708d065d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udcb8a775615594d59a7687c9708d065d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: There are too many people will we survive EssayCategory: English

Saturday, April 11, 2020

Health and Environment in Abu Dhabi

Abstract There is a significant relationship between human health and the environment. There are various environmental factors that affect the health of the population. They include the quality of air, weather, seasons, temperatures, humidity, and vegetation (MacDonald Farah, 2012). Some health issues are specific to certain environmental conditions.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Health and Environment in Abu Dhabi specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As such, it is important to analyze these interactions in order to be able to anticipate health issues that may arise as a result of change in the prevailing environmental conditions.  Abu Dhabi has a desert environment. Summer is experienced June and September. At the time, the environment is extremely hot and humid. Temperatures may rise to an average of 380c. Sandstorms are also common in the city. Winter occurs between November and March. Conditions change drastically from hot to extremely cold (Davidson, 2005). Dense fog may be witnessed at times. January is the coldest month in Abu Dhabi, while August and July are the hottest. In this paper, the author analyses the data collected from Abu Dhabi in a study to determine the link between the environment and human health. The author provides a scientific description of the data represented in the figures generated using MatLab program. Analysis of Data The data for this section was sourced from SEHA. Reported cases of asthma in Abu Dhabi public hospitals Figure 1:  Cases of Asthma admission in Abu Dhabi, AlAin, and AlGharbia government hospitals between June 1st, 2011 and May 31st, 2013 Advertising Looking for critical writing on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The figure above shows the number of admissions for asthma per region. The three areas stated in the figure are some of the major municipali ties in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. They are Abu Dhabi, AlAin, and AlGharbiah. From the figure, it is clear that there are significant variations in the prevalence of this health condition in Abu Dhabi (Heinrich, 2010). Abu Dhabi records the highest cases of asthma within the Emirate. The figure stands at 10*104 (Heinrich, 2010). AlAin comes second with slightly more than 8*104 cases. Hospitals in AlGharbiah recorded the lowest number of patients suffering from asthma at 2*104 cases. Asthma is a chronic respiratory health condition. It is characterized by inflammation of the airways. As a result, it leads to bronchospasm. In some cases, it may lead to irreversible airflow obstruction. There are various symptoms associated with the condition. They involve constriction of the chest region and coughing. During asthma attacks, patients report shortness of breath. (Heinrich, 2010). The three municipalities whose data was analyzed have varying environmental conditions. The variation explain s the differences in number of asthma cases reported in the area. The city of Abu Dhabi has the highest number of incidences. The increased occurrence of the health condition in the area can be attributed to such environmental factors as poor air quality. The main reason for this is that the city is the region’s capital. As a result, most of Abu Dhabi’s commercial activities take place here. Consequently, there is a lot of air pollution resulting from gasses emitted by traffic within the city (Heinrich, 2010).  The city of Abu Dhabi also has a larger population than any other in the region (Heinrich, 2010). From the study, the researcher sought to establish the number of persons suffering from asthma, rather than their proportion. In this case, the figure indicated on the graph is not a reflection of the percentage of the population admitted in hospital for asthma attacks. The city has an expansive population. As such, the number of asthma cases reported is expected to be much higher than in other urban areas. In this case, it would be possible that the proportion of the population suffering from asthma in the city was much lower than that recorded in other cities in the region.  Incidences of asthma in hospitals in the AlAin region are also high. However, they are slightly lower than those in Abu Dhabi. The reason behind this is that AlAin is the second largest city within the Abu Dhabi Emirate region.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Health and Environment in Abu Dhabi specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The city is also second after Abu Dhabi in terms of population density. As a result, the number of asthma cases reported in the area would be expected to be higher than that of smaller urban areas in the region provided all conditions remain constant. Considering that the three cities are located in the same region, the environmental conditions are almost similar . As a result, the most logical explanation for the results represented in the graph would be that the variations are as a result of differences in population density. AlGharbiah region has the lowest cases of asthma in Abu Dhabi. The reason for this is that the environment is not as polluted as that in Abu Dhabi and AlAin. In addition, the city has the lowest population compared to the other two. The environment in the region is similar to that of the other two cities, Abu Dhabi and AlAin. Supposing that the proportion of the population suffering from asthma in the three cities was same, the city would still have the lowest number of admissions reported based on its low population density. Incidences of asthma cases through the year Figure 2:  Cases of asthma admission in Abu Dhabi city’s government hospitals between June 1st, 2011 and May 31st, 2013 From figure 2, it is evident that cases of asthma are reported throughout the year in hospitals and clinics around Abu Dhab i. At no one point was there zero cases of asthma. The reason for this is that the prevailing environmental conditions support the development of the condition. The weather in the city is often hot and humid. The humid conditions are explained by the fact that the region borders the sea. The hot weather aggravates matters by increasing rates of evaporation. Given that it is the region’s capital, a lot of commercial activities are taking place within the city. For example, manufacturing processes take place in all seasons (MacDonald Farah, 2012). The transport sector is also vibrant throughout the year. The commercial activities act as a source of environmental pollution, leading to cases of asthma throughout the year.Advertising Looking for critical writing on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is a fact that asthma cases are recorded all year round. However, it is important to note that some months record higher rates than others. The incidence of the condition is high in most parts of the year. However, the period between May and August has fewer cases. The region experiences summer at the time. Consequently, the weather is hot. There is no precipitation during these months (Heinrich, 2010). Cases of asthma gradually increase in the month of October. The number of continues to rise until the month of April the following year. The reason is the onset of winter. Temperatures tend to decrease during this period. Precipitation also takes place, leading to increased amounts of moisture in the environment. Combination of the two environmental factors promotes the development of the health condition. The cases then start declining until October when they start rising again. The trend is fairly constant over the years as a result of seasonality. Occurrence by age group Figure 3:  Admission by age group Figure 3 shows that asthma cases are more common among children than in adults. The number of admissions recorded decreases as one moves up the age group (Heinrich, 2010). People at the age of 0-15 years are at a higher risk of developing the condition than those who are older. The reason is that their immune systems are weak and are still undergoing development. Most of these individuals are also most likely to be treated following their first asthma attacks. They are getting exposed to environmental agents causing the condition, such as dust, polluted air, and allergens (which include pollen), for the first time. Their immune system has not encountered these agents before. As such, it is unable to respond to the invasion effectively. Asthma is also a genetic condition to some extent. At this age, genetic factors play a major role in the development of the health condition since the body’s immunity system is weak. Persons aged between 16 and 45 report few cases of hospital admissions. Most of these individuals have already encountered their first attacks and the condition has recurred following exposure to environmental agents that trigger the attack (Davidson, 2005). People at this age group are also mainly expatriates seeking employment opportunities in Abu Dhabi. The change in environment, especially the high humidity levels, leads to development of asthma. Individuals above the age of 45 have the lowest number of admissions. Their bodies have already adapted to the environment. The ones who suffer from the condition are also under medication. At this age, it is difficult for new infections to develop. Types of hospital encounter in relation to asthma Figure 4:  Encounter Type (outpatient, emergency, and homecare) Admissions to the hospital following the onset of asthma can be encountered in three different ways. They include outpatient, emergency, and homecare. Outpatient cases are the most common (Heinrich, 2010). Most of these encounters consist of people who have just developed the condition following exposure to environmental agents. At the time, the symptoms have not escalated. Emergency encounters are, on the other hand, mainly observed among persons who have developed the condition earlier. Exposure to environmental agents, such as pollen and dust, leads to mild attacks (Naish Leith, 2010). However, the number of these engagements is lower compared to clinic outpatient encounters. The reason is that the patients are already under treatment. The number of persons suffering from asthma in Abu Dhabi, and who are undergoing homecare, is lower than in all the other encounters. It consists of persons who have already adapted to the environment and are still under medication. Asthma cases by gender Figure 5:  Asthma cases by gender It is evident that both males and females develop the health condition (Heinrich, 2010). The reason is that genetic factors associated with the health conditio n are not sex-linked. However, cases of admission among females are higher compared to those among males, although the difference is minimal. The immune system of men could be slightly more efficient than that of women. However, the most logical explanation is that women are more susceptible to the condition compared to men. Temperature and Humidity (Humidex) Conditions in Abu Dhabi The data for humidex and temperature was sourced from ground measurements. The measurements consisted of 10 min resolution data of GHI, DNI, and DHI available over five stations in the UAE. Only data from Station 1 was used. The station is located in the suburbs of Abu Dhabi. It is also close to the coastline. Temperature readings Figure 6:  Temperature readings in Abu Dhabi Temperature is one of the most important environmental factors that have an impact on public health. Some health conditions develop rapidly under hot conditions, while others are associated with cold (MacDonald Farah, 2012). As a result, it is important to monitor the temperatures of a region in order to predict the nature of diseases. In Abu Dhabi, temperatures vary throughout the year as illustrated in figure 6 above. The city is especially hot between June and September. The rise in temperatures during this period is attributed to summer. Temperatures then start to fall beginning from the end of September to early November when winter sets in. The situation persists until March when temperatures begin to rise in anticipation of the summer season. Humidity levels in Abu Dhabi Figure 7:  Humidity levels Humidity is considerably high in Abu Dhabi throughout the year. The reason is that the region borders the sea. The air is saturated with moisture evaporating from the water body. The highest levels of humidity are recorded between November and March. The increase is attributed to the precipitation taking place during the winter season. There is low humidity between the months of May and September (MacDon ald Farah, 2012). The change can be attributed to the onset of the summer season, which is associated with little or no precipitation. Humidex Figure 8:  Humidex levels in Abu Dhabi Humidex is highly dependent on prevailing environmental temperatures. In Abu Dhabi, this figure varies throughout the year. It can rise to 550C in summer. However, it can drop to about 150C during the winter season (MacDonald Farah, 2012). Humidex rises with an increase in temperatures. The reason is that high temperatures lead to more evaporation. In addition, hot air can accommodate more moisture compared to that which is cooler. Vegetation Index in Abu Dhabi Vegetation index data was collected using space ‘remote sensing’. LANDSAT was used for these purposes. Fourteen green patches around the city of Abu Dhabi were selected to determine changes in the density of green color. A mean value for those 14 patches was computed. Green vegetation patches Figure 9:  Selected green patches The city of Abu Dhabi is located within a desert. However, there are small amounts of green vegetation. The density of green in the vegetation patches around the city is constantly monitored (MacDonald Farah, 2012). Monitoring is done through remote sensing from satellites. Ecologists in the region are able to evaluate the progression of vegetation throughout the year. Vegetation points in Abu Dhabi Figure 10:  Vegetation points in Abu Dhabi It is evident that Abu Dhabi has some vegetation. However, it occurs in form of patches spread across the region (Davidson, 2005). From space, the vegetation appears as small green patches. The reason why green vegetation is scarce in the region is lack of water. The situation is likely to worsen during summer. NDVI of green areas in Abu Dhabi Figure 11:  NDVI of different green areas in Abu Dhabi The acronym stands for normalized difference vegetation index. It assesses the green color within vegetation. The average NDVI for Abu Dhabi is about 0.36 (MacDonald Farah, 2012). However, the values fluctuate throughout the year. They are high during winter and low in summer. During winter, NDVI goes as high as 0.43. The reason is that there is enough water to support plants. During summer, the value drops to as low as 0. The value signifies the absence of green vegetation. The reason behind this is the drying up of vegetation. Air Quality Concentration in Abu Dhabi Air quality concentration (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, H2S, CO, O3) for the period between June 2011 and May 2013 was determined. The data for this section was obtained from the Environmental Agency of Abu Dhabi. The information was collected using air quality detention stations distributed across Abu Dhabi. Concentration of PM10 Figure 11:  Concentration of PM10 The presence of particulate matter (PM) in the environment may cause health problems. The threat is usually more serious when the particles are suspended in the air (Nash Leith, 2010). Small particles can be respired and cause allergic reactions, leading to asthma and other respiratory complications. PM 10 particles are fairly small. They are 10 micrometers across. They settle down on surfaces within a few minutes after suspension as a result of gravitational pull. Their concentration is high during summer. In Abu Dhabi, sand is the most common of these particles. PM2.5 Figure 12:  PM2.5 in Abu Dhabi PM 2.5 particles are smaller and lighter compared to PM 10. As such, they occupy less volume in the air (Pickett Bell, 2011). They are 2.5 micrometers in diameter. They do not easily settle on the ground. In addition, they may be suspended in the atmosphere for several weeks. Like PM 10 particles, they are more concentrated in the atmosphere during summer. During winter, they are absorbed in rainwater and settle, making their concentration low. NO2 in Abu Dhabi Figure 13:  Levels of NO2 in Abu Dhabi Concentration of nitrogen dioxide gas is fairly distributed throughout the ye ar. The gas is generated from manufacturing activities (Pickett Bell, 2011). It is heavier than air. However, it remains suspended in the atmosphere for long durations of time, especially during summer. Its concentration is significantly low during winter when it is dissolved in rainwater. In the process, it results in acid rain. SO2 in Abu Dhabi Figure 14:  Concentration of SO2 in Abu Dhabi Sulfur dioxide gas occurs naturally in the atmosphere. It is released from the earth crust by volcanic action and other processes. Its concentration in the air varies with time. Human beings have no control over its concentration (Ott Peters, 2008). The gas has an irritating smell and causes respiratory problems. H2S in Abu Dhabi Figure 15:  Concentration of H2S in Abu Dhabi Hydrogen sulfide gas is another component that affects the quality of air. It is present in Abu Dhabi’s atmosphere throughout the year (Ott Peters, 2008). The gas is naturally occurring and its production is not associated with human activities. Its main source in Abu Dhabi is natural gas. Considering that the region is one of the world’s major producers of natural gas, the component cannot be avoided. CO in Abu Dhabi Figure 16:  Concentration of CO in Abu Dhabi The gas is usually produced following partial oxidation of carbon substances (Pickett Bell, 2011). In this case, there is no enough oxygen to produce carbon dioxide. Most of the oxidation takes place during combustion. In Abu Dhabi, the gas is present in the atmosphere throughout the year. The main source is partial burning of fossil fuels, which are normally hydrocarbons, in manufacturing industries and automobiles. The gas remains suspended in the atmosphere for a short time. That is why its concentration is low. During the winter season, it is dissolved in rainwater, reducing its concentration in the atmosphere. O3 concentration in Abu Dhabi Figure 17:  Levels of O3 in Abu Dhabi Ozone gas also occurs naturally i n the atmosphere. Its concentration is relatively low. The reason is that it is unstable and is quickly converted into oxygen. It has a pungent chocking smell that irritates the respiratory system, causing health conditions, such as asthma. Conclusion There is a significant relationship between the environment and human health. People must understand this interaction for them to improve their quality of life. Asthma is one of the health conditions caused by environmental factors. It is mainly associated with humidity and temperature. The condition is common in Abu Dhabi. The environment of this region is seen as the major cause of the disease. The area is a desert and experiences frequent sand storms. The city also borders the sea. With the high temperatures experienced here, a lot of evaporation takes place, raising humidity levels. The resulting conditions are favorable for the development of asthma. Other environmental factors that lead to the health issues include the quality of air and vegetation. References Davidson, C. (2005). The United Arab Emirates: A study in survival. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers. Heinrich, J. (2010). Air pollution, asthma, and allergies in children. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 67(3), 290-291. MacDonald, J., Farah, Z. (2012). Environmental risks to public health in the United Arab Emirates: A quantitative assessment and strategic plan. Environmental Health Perspective, 120(2), 681-686. Nash, D., Leith, D. (2010). Ultrafine particle sampling with the UNC passive aerosol sampler. Aerosol Science and Technology, 44(1), 1059-1064. Ott, D., Peters, T. (2008). A shelter to protect a passive sampler for coarse particulate matter, PM10-2.5. Aerosol Science and Technology, 42(7), 299-309. Pickett, A., Bell, M. (2011). Assessment of indoor air pollution in homes with infants. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(2), 4502-4520. This critical writing on Health and Environment in Abu Dhabi was written and submitted by user Julissa C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Tuesday, March 10, 2020

Free Essays on Natural Rate of Unemployment

Natural Rate of Unemployment When national income changes, the amount of employment and that of unemployment change as well. Unemployment follows a cyclical path, increasing during times of recession and decreasing in times of business expansion. The unemployment rate does not, show any important long-term trend over time. In macroeconomics, scholars name between the natural rate of unemployment made up by frictional and structural unemployment and the rate of cyclical unemployment. The unemployed are those who are without jobs and those who are searching for jobs. The unemployed are often measured as numbers of persons and sometimes as rates, expressed as percentages of the total labor force (Mishkin, 1995). Over the decades, the economy has accumulated a net increase in new jobs fast enough to employ the high rising number of so-called potential workers. As a result the unemployment rate, which is the differ-ence between the labor force and employment, expressed as a percentage of the labor force has not increased decade by decade. The unemployment rate does change from year to year, because changes in the labor force are not exactly similar to changes in employment. On the supply side, the labor force has grown practically every single year since the end of the World War II in 1945. The causes have been a rising population, which causes increased entry into the labor force of people born in Europe 15 to 25 years previously; increased labor force involvement by many groups, especially women; and immigration of working-age people (Snowdon et al, 1994). On the demand side, many already existing jobs are overturned every year, and many new jobs are created. Economic growth causes some fact ors of the econ-omy to fall, and others to rise and expand. Jobs are ruined in the sectors that are contracting. Jobs are created and made in the expanding sectors. Additionally, even in established industries, many firms die and many new firms are... Free Essays on Natural Rate of Unemployment Free Essays on Natural Rate of Unemployment Natural Rate of Unemployment When national income changes, the amount of employment and that of unemployment change as well. Unemployment follows a cyclical path, increasing during times of recession and decreasing in times of business expansion. The unemployment rate does not, show any important long-term trend over time. In macroeconomics, scholars name between the natural rate of unemployment made up by frictional and structural unemployment and the rate of cyclical unemployment. The unemployed are those who are without jobs and those who are searching for jobs. The unemployed are often measured as numbers of persons and sometimes as rates, expressed as percentages of the total labor force (Mishkin, 1995). Over the decades, the economy has accumulated a net increase in new jobs fast enough to employ the high rising number of so-called potential workers. As a result the unemployment rate, which is the differ-ence between the labor force and employment, expressed as a percentage of the labor force has not increased decade by decade. The unemployment rate does change from year to year, because changes in the labor force are not exactly similar to changes in employment. On the supply side, the labor force has grown practically every single year since the end of the World War II in 1945. The causes have been a rising population, which causes increased entry into the labor force of people born in Europe 15 to 25 years previously; increased labor force involvement by many groups, especially women; and immigration of working-age people (Snowdon et al, 1994). On the demand side, many already existing jobs are overturned every year, and many new jobs are created. Economic growth causes some fact ors of the econ-omy to fall, and others to rise and expand. Jobs are ruined in the sectors that are contracting. Jobs are created and made in the expanding sectors. Additionally, even in established industries, many firms die and many new firms are...

Sunday, February 23, 2020

Hip-hop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hip-hop - Essay Example For a long time, hip-hop was only a black person’s way of expressing the life in the ghetto. The very start of the hip-hop culture was to make sure that the world, mainly in the American society, knew and understood that the American minorities were undergoing different hurdles. The important part was to make sure, that they could reach out, use music to express themselves and tell of their views about everything taking place in the society. Ideally, hip-hop started out as music before the culture took over and began looking at the way things are taking shape. The important thing is to realize that music became the ideal way of creating awareness of a culture coming up in the society today. Every locality has created a version of hip-hop that suits the community best. It inspired resilience, violence and civil rights. It was a way of expressing the disinterest in the way African Americans were being treated, with most of the musicians being unemployed and living off handouts. From the 1970s to date, the growth of hip-hop has become an international avenue for anyone willing to use it to spread positive messages across the world. The black communities made hip-hop evolve to other societies and communities. Their aim was to spread it everywhere and catalyze the growth of a new culture across the world. It was no longer a black person’s way of expression but now common amongst Latinos, whites, and other communities. It took different versions as people began associating it with violence, flashy things as well as sex and money. The origins were in poverty, but the new version of hip-hop had a way of making some of the revered things such as violence seems glorified. Hip-hop was not only a place to use lyrics as a way of expression, but also to use them to appeal to different things. For instance, some musicians will use hip-hop as a way of showing wealth. This

Thursday, February 6, 2020

Business report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business report - Essay Example Suppose opportunities are available to the organization and within your control then they can be classified as strengths. If potential threats are identified as soon as possible then they can be proactively dealt with since being informed is a kin to being forearmed. The current Rocked product line evoked interest among potential buyers in our survey and in the focus group although the current price is rather exaggerated. The major disadvantage that comes with this is that it discourages customers from going for the rocked product. The focus group also gave us insight into changes that might make the product more attractive to potential buyers. The most prioritized concern that needs to be addressed is the high cost. For recommendation, the product should be completely redesigned and should focus on only selling bracelets until the company expands its product line. The redesign serves to resolve issues found in primary research, while still maintaining the titanium performance aspect that has defined the target from conception. The product is currently jewelry that falls into the high-end jewelry market though we believe after hearing from the focus group that if the product is supposed to have some connection to physical activity it should not have the appearance of a high-end product. The bracelet should simply be a band of .5 millimeter knitting cord with a stone pendent that is held by 2 titanium hands. This new product design would address many of the problems of the current product and most importantly, it should be much cheaper to produce hence less production costs. A single strand of nylon, a cheap colored stone, and the two titanium hands will have much lower material costs along with lower labor costs. Besides, it will also create a lighter product that can be worn at all times. Lighter weight eliminates a degree of worry for those clients who are looking for jewelry that can be

Wednesday, January 29, 2020

One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest Response to Literature Essay Example for Free

One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest Response to Literature Essay Society is a judgmental and rejecting place. It only allows uniform individuals to be in this society which discards anyone’s individuality and pride. In the novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, by Ken Kesey, Nurse Ratched alienates the patients’ individualities which only allows them to never progress in their mental health. The society rejects the people who are not normal. In this case, the people are the ones with mental disorders. Kesey’s anti-establishment point of view against society portrays that the government misuses power to manipulate society which leads to the suppression of individuality through the literary devices analogy, metaphor, and symbolism. Ken Kesey conveys his theme by vividly explaining the â€Å"pecking party†. As one of the treatments, Nurse Ratched holds group therapy for the patients. During the group therapy session, McMurphy notices that the Nurse ignites all the conflict at first so he explains, â€Å"The flock gets sight of a spot of blood on some chicken and they all go to peckin’ at it† (Kesey 57). McMurphy is trying to explain the abusiveness of Nurse Ratched’s power. This analogy supports Kesey’s message of how society rejects and leads to the suppression of individuals. Kesey uses the chickens to represent the patients and the â€Å"first peck† would represent Nurse Ratched because she manipulates an individual which causes uneasiness to the patient which will never be the cure for one who is mental to get better. After McMurphy goes on about the pecking party, he says one more thing to Harding about the pecking party, â€Å"You want to know who pecks that first peck? † (58). McMurphy’s rhetorical question signifies his opinion even more. This allows not only Harding, but the rest of the patients to see how Nurse Ratched is just another person and how they should not let her take complete control over them. Kesey furthers his analogy after the pecking party image because it reveals and justifies who really does â€Å"peck that first peck†. This relates to the theme because Nurse Ratched represents the government while the patients represent society; concluding that the government continuously pecks at the individuals who feel that they are not a part of society. Overall, the pecking party is an analogy of how society suppresses one’s individuality because to be an individual one must â€Å"get better† like the patients attempt to do; but all they are doing are taking steps back due to Nurse Ratched. In One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, Kesey demonstrates his use of metaphors through machinery comparisons to portray the theme of suppression of an individual. When Bromden characterizes Nurse Ratched he says, â€Å"So she really lets herself go and her painted smile twists, stretches to an open snarl, and she blows up bigger and bigger, big as a tractor, so big I can smell the machinery inside the way you smell a motor pulling too big a load. † (5). Bromden sees Nurse Ratched as machinery and not as a human being. This supports the fact that the ward is like a factory, just waiting to make patients into â€Å"products†. Kesey uses metaphor to compare Nurse Ratched to machinery because this describes her persona perfectly. Like a machine, Nurse Ratched is very smooth and calm about things at first but like every machine there are flaws. When Nurse Ratched meets her flaws, that is when things begin to go haywire like a machine. It can either breakdown or malfunction but it is always repairable. When Bromden has the dream about Blastic, he thinks â€Å"†¦I was looking to see – just a shower of rust and ashes, and now and again a piece of wire or glass† (88). The significance of Bromden’s dream is that it represents how the ward is inhumane because â€Å"a shower of rust and ashes† fell out of Blastic’s body instead of human organs. Kesey exemplifies metaphor through Bromden’s dream by explaining how society’s standards of being â€Å"accepted† can transform one to be inhumane and to lose their individuality. Overall, these comparisons relate to the theme having the machines represent a form of government, standing in the way, or suppressing, the individual, or society. This can support the main theme that society abuses their power to manipulate and suppress the individuality of others. Fog is used by Kesey to demonstrate them and to symbolize the aloneness and individuality of a patient. Bromden describes the effects of fog when he thinks, â€Å"I don’t have to end up at that door if I stay still when the fog comes over me and just keep quiet† (132). This explains how much control Nurse Ratched had over the patients. It demonstrates how something like fog takes away their individuality be they â€Å"just keep quiet†. The fog symbolizes a safe zone and aloneness for the patients because Nurse Ratched had so much authority over the patients that it was like a crib holding them while she was out. Kesey’s theme is supported in this because society takes away individuality as well as fog does. One characteristic they both share is the way they manipulate and abuse their power. Bromden also thinks about fog when he said, â€Å"You had a choice: you could either strain and look at things that appeared in front of you in the fog, painful as it might be, or you could relax and lose yourself† (131). Bromden describes how the patients were almost forced to be in the fog because â€Å"you could relax and lose yourself† and that the time that is all the patients really want. The fog also symbolizes a scapegoat for the patients so they don’t have to face all the challenges ahead because â€Å"you had a choice†. A simple break from everything, especially Nurse Ratched. This furthers Kesey’s message of how the fog is another form of control from Nurse Ratched, in which she abuses her power by manipulating her patients so they cannot get better. Ken Kesey uses analogy, metaphor, and symbolism to demonstrate how society uses their power to manipulate others which leads to a suppressed individual. He uses examples from the ward to compare the real outside world with a mental asylum. This world and society focus too much on how to fit in and it has become more of a moral thing to fit in than to be one’s self. Kesey blames it on the establishment that people are suppressed of their individuality, but is that really true? It has become a custom rather than a rule and that needs to change; and it starts from being a leader and an individual rather than a follower. The real story of individuals is not within the establishment, but it is within a person. To express that is to depending on the person and that is the problem in our society, no one likes to be that person to step up and be the first to go. But if someone were to do it, our society would change instantly.

Monday, January 20, 2020

Issues Concerning Mexican-Americans :: Culture cultural mexico essays

Issues Concerning Mexican-Americans I have recently visited the web-site "Chicano Park" and viewed the video Chicano! I took a critical look at both and evaluated how well the two educated the general public to the issues of Mexican American history. As a point of reference, I used information from the Vargas book, along with class lectures and discussions, and compared it to information found on the video and the web-site. In the following essay I aim to show that the video and web-site do not serve as adequate tools to educating the general public. While they do touch upon many issues of Mexican- American history, they do not do so with the detail of Vargas. Also, they do not depict the hardships experienced by the Mexicans and the racism of the Anglos as well as the Vargas book. The essay will address the web-site and video separately. It will point out the issues that are addressed by each, along with those that are not. In the end, I hope to prove that the web-site and video should be used as supplementary materials to Vargas, lectures, and discussions as a means of enhancing education. In addition, I will be addressing the content of two essays written by my peers in the class who are also addressing the subject of Mexican American history. I will be commenting on these works throughout this essay when appropriate. The web site: Chicano Park addressed several issues dealing with Mexican American history. Through the presentation of the Logan Heights barrio, the web-site shows the influx of Mexicans into the United States due to revolution in Mexico. In the Logan Heights community, there was a steady population increase of over 500,000 people , most of whom were Mexican. Logan Heights became primarily a border community. It has suffered from pollution, poverty, high crime, and unemployment, and continues to do so today. This is further evidence of the poor socioeconomic conditions the Mexicans have faced since their arrival in the US. The jobs held by the residents of the community is further illustration of the status of a labor class held by the Mexicans. They worked as laborers in the fisheries, lumber, shipbuilding, and railroad industries of the area. Also, WWII activity attracted many laborers to the area, many of whom were Mexicans, along with other immigrants.

Sunday, January 12, 2020

Fi561 You Decide

You Decide Page 1 FI561 – Mergers & Acquisitions – Week 3 Scenario Summary This is based on Merck’s Acquisition of Medco: Case 5. 1, pp. 124-125. Your Role/Assignment You are the Chairman and CEO of Merck. Make a recommendation to the Board of Directors of Merck & Co. regarding this acquisition based on the recommendations of the three associates and your own analysis. You are the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Merck & Company, and you will make the final â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† recommendation to the Board of Directors of the company.You are listening to the advice of various department heads regarding this acquisition. Based on your evaluations and additional analysis of the recommendations of your three associates, make your recommendation to the Board of Directors. What will you recommend? Yes? No? Yes with some conditions? What are the reasons for your recommendation? Activity Write an 8-10 page paper (double-spaced) of written analysis , including tables of financial calculations. Key Players Key Players – Image Title/Role/Character Script – Text & Audio Chief Operating OfficerI’m concerned about synergy and integration issues between our highly research-oriented development of pharmaceuticals here at Merck, and a prescription medicine marketing company like Medco. I am concerned that the cultures and operations of the two companies aren’t going to mix well, and that this deal would result in an expensive failure. Executive Vice President, Sales & Marketing I’m all for this acquisition! It will open new marketing leverage opportunities in the Managed Care market. Medco’s marketing database will create market expansion opportunities.This is the perfect answer for the current competitive environment, where other pharmaceutical manufacturers are acquiring drug marketing companies. You Decide Page 2 Chief Financial Officer This is my concern; I want to make sure that Merck pay s a premium for Medco at $6. 6 billion dollars. The combination of the two companies will immediately result in increase in Earnings Per Share for the combination vs. Merck as a stand- alone company. Although, I’m still concerned about continuing the growth of the stock price of Merck after the target company is acquired.Grading Rubric: Category Points Description Understanding 55 Demonstrate a strong grasp of the problem at hand. Demonstrate understanding of how the course concepts apply to the problem. Analysis 55 Apply original thought to solving the business problem. Apply concepts from the course material correctly toward solving the business problem. Execution 25 Write your answer clearly and succinctly using strong organization and proper grammar. Use citations correctly. Total 135 A quality paper will meet or exceed all of the above requirements. Fi561 You Decide You Decide Page 1 FI561 – Mergers & Acquisitions – Week 3 Scenario Summary This is based on Merck’s Acquisition of Medco: Case 5. 1, pp. 124-125. Your Role/Assignment You are the Chairman and CEO of Merck. Make a recommendation to the Board of Directors of Merck & Co. regarding this acquisition based on the recommendations of the three associates and your own analysis. You are the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Merck & Company, and you will make the final â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† recommendation to the Board of Directors of the company.You are listening to the advice of various department heads regarding this acquisition. Based on your evaluations and additional analysis of the recommendations of your three associates, make your recommendation to the Board of Directors. What will you recommend? Yes? No? Yes with some conditions? What are the reasons for your recommendation? Activity Write an 8-10 page paper (double-spaced) of written analysis , including tables of financial calculations. Key Players Key Players – Image Title/Role/Character Script – Text & Audio Chief Operating OfficerI’m concerned about synergy and integration issues between our highly research-oriented development of pharmaceuticals here at Merck, and a prescription medicine marketing company like Medco. I am concerned that the cultures and operations of the two companies aren’t going to mix well, and that this deal would result in an expensive failure. Executive Vice President, Sales & Marketing I’m all for this acquisition! It will open new marketing leverage opportunities in the Managed Care market. Medco’s marketing database will create market expansion opportunities.This is the perfect answer for the current competitive environment, where other pharmaceutical manufacturers are acquiring drug marketing companies. You Decide Page 2 Chief Financial Officer This is my concern; I want to make sure that Merck pay s a premium for Medco at $6. 6 billion dollars. The combination of the two companies will immediately result in increase in Earnings Per Share for the combination vs. Merck as a stand- alone company. Although, I’m still concerned about continuing the growth of the stock price of Merck after the target company is acquired.Grading Rubric: Category Points Description Understanding 55 Demonstrate a strong grasp of the problem at hand. Demonstrate understanding of how the course concepts apply to the problem. Analysis 55 Apply original thought to solving the business problem. Apply concepts from the course material correctly toward solving the business problem. Execution 25 Write your answer clearly and succinctly using strong organization and proper grammar. Use citations correctly. Total 135 A quality paper will meet or exceed all of the above requirements.

Saturday, January 4, 2020

Success And Change At Prudential Plc - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2956 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Prudential Plc is a United Kingdom (UK) based international retail financial services group focusing on the pre and post retirement market providing products such as insurance, unit trusts and bonds, annuities, pension plans, mutual funds, investment advisory services (Prudential Plc website,2010). It was founded on 30 May 1848 in London (Prudential Plc History Timeline, 2008). The company has significant operations in the United States of America (USA), UK and Asia with approximately 21 million customers, policy holders and unit holders, employing over 27 thousand people managing funds to the extent of ÂÂ £249 billion across the globe (Prudential Plc website, 2010). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Success And Change At Prudential Plc" essay for you Create order Prudential is a public limited company listed on the London Stock Exchange as well as the FTSE 100 index. Four main business units comprise the Prudential group: Prudential Corporation Asia, Jackson National Life Insurance Company in the USA, Prudential UK and Europe and MG Investments (Prudential Plc website,2010). These units are supported by central strategies such as those for cash and capital management, leadership development, succession planning and reputation management. Until 2006 the group operated through three segments: banking; long term business; and broker-dealer and fund management. In 2007 it divested its banking segment. In 2008, the company generated approximately $35 million, an increase of 3.4 percent as compared to the previous year but reported an overall net loss of approximately $718 million (Datamonitor, 2009).However, the group has continued to reinforce the fact they have retained a robust and resilient capital position in the industry despite the economic ally challenging environment (Prudential Plc website, 2010). The PESTEL analysis below looks at the macro-environment in which Prudential is operating and tries to identify forces having the greatest impact on the company and its performance. PESTEL Analysis Political With effect from 2012, European Commisions Solvency II project is expected to change capital requirements for all sectors of the insurance industry in the European Union. It will require insurance companies to set aside more or less capital depending on the risks they face (Financial Services Authority, 2010). Economic The Banking crisis and economic downturn in 2008/9 have put the financial activities and balance sheets of insurance companies under close scrutiny. It has also resulted in concerns amongst investors and led to loss of confidence in insurers. This is being manifested in the form of sudden falls in share prices of insurance companies, including Prudential (The Guardian, 2008). A deceleration for 2008-2013 has been forecasted in the performance of the global life insurance market. This will have a direct effect on the overall performance of the company (Datamonitor, November 2009). The global retail savings and investments market has also seen a decline in 2008 and hardly any improvement in 2009 as a result of the economic difficulties the industry is facing (Datamonitor, December 2009). As a result of the current market volatility, interest rates have fallen to their lowest level for over 3 hundred years. Nevertheless, Prudential has set its annual bonus rates at 3 percent for most with-profit bonds and personal pension policies and 2 percent for annuity customers, thereby suggesting its strong capital position to help it tide through the difficult economic times ahead (Prudential Plc News Release, 2009). Social Ageing population in the two most developing nations, USA and the UK is leading to a higher demand for pension and retirement products (Datamonitor, 2008). Since Prudentials products and marketing range are mainly targeted at those aged over 45, this change in demographics is very crucial to the companys overall growth (Datamonitor, 2005). It is therefore essential for Prudential to support the ageing population by providing products that meet the customers changing needs. There is a distinct loss of confidence amongst consumers to opt for financial services as a result of mis-selling of some products in the UK, complexity in the financial services environment and poor performance of equity markets (Prudential Plc website, 2010). Research reveals that there is an estimated savings gap of ÂÂ £27 billion per year in the UK. Furthermore, the government has estimated that approximately 10 million people in the UK are not saving enough and 3 million people are not saving at a ll despite having the ability to do so (Wyman, O. Co., 2001). Technological The importance of digital/internet marketing in todays competitive environment can hardly be over-emphasised. The Internet accounts for 8 percent of global advertising spend and is growing rapidly (The Economist, 2009). Recent studies show that the financial services industry is lagging behind in digital marketing as compared to other industries (Marketing Charts, 2008). Given the challenges now faced within financial services, it is crucial for companies to rethink and adjust the way they acquire new customers and retain existing ones. Increased use of digital marketing can help financial institutions to develop better relationships with customers (Marketing Charts, 2008). Environmental International Agreements such as the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, Kyoto Protocol in 1997, Johannesburg Summit in 2002, have led to nations taking action towards ensuring sustainable development across the globe. Keeping in line with these policies, Prudential are committed towards reducing their environmental impact including reduction in the carbon footprint of the group, its suppliers business operations and creating bottom line savings through the implementation of cost effective energy efficiency measures (Prudential Plc Corporate Responsibility Report, 2008). Prudential is one of 38 companies from the financial services sector to endorse the ClimateWise principles, launched in 2007. The principles have been developed by leading global insurers, reinsurers, brokers and asset managers to promote action on climate change. They will enable companies and organisations throughout the world to build climate change into their business operations (Prudential Plc Corporate Responsibilit y Report, 2008). Legal In the UK, from April 2010, earnings over ÂÂ £150 thousand will be subject to a new tax rate of 50 percent and the corresponding tax rate for dividends will be 42.5 percent (HM Treasury, 2009).This will have a negative impact on companys UK market as it will encourage higher earners who could have invested in the companys financial products and services to leave the country (Prudential International, 2009). In the UK, also from April 2010, anyone with an income over ÂÂ £100 thousand (after certain adjustments for pension contributions, Gift Aid etc) will lose personal allowance at the rate of ÂÂ £1 allowance lost for every ÂÂ £2 excess income (HM Treasury , 2009). This will have a negative impact on the companys UK market as buyers might be encouraged to invest in off-shore bonds and policies instead (Prudential International, 2009). Porters Five Forces Analysis of the Financial Services Industry Threat of Substitute Products and Services There are few close substitutes to financial services and products and the threat is determined as weak. Investment in gold, jewellery, antiques and other collectibles might be considered as substitutes for investment in mutual funds, equities and other forms of savings. Investment in property is also seen as alternate to investment in pension schemes to provide income and capital for old-age, consequently leading to a rapid growth in the buy-to-let market (Ennew et al, 2007). Level of Competition There is considerable competition within the financial services industry despite having few close substitutes. Most companies in this industry operate on a large scale with wide geographical coverage and strong buying power, thereby fostering strong rivalry between the players (Datamonitor, 2007). Competition has been fuelled by the liberalisation of financial markets and reduced barriers between different institutional types. Bancassurance and diversification of specialised insurance companies into banking are typical examples of this. Companies in the industry try to maintain their competitive edge by diversifying and offering a wide range of financial services and products to its target audience (Ennew and Waite, 2007). For example, Prudential ventured into the online banking industry through its online bank Egg through which it offered a range of traditional banking products at very competitive terms and conditions. However, this venture was sold to Citibank in 2007 (Prudential Plc website, 2010). Threat of New Entrants The threat of new entrants is low. This can be attributed to high entry barriers caused by strong brand identity for Prudential, its product differentiation, customer loyalty and moreover, high switching costs. Moreover to be able to enter the market and be successful, new entrants would need highly specialised knowledge and expertise along with huge financial resources to compete with an established brands in the industry (Dess, Lumpkin, Eisner , 2008 ). There are some government regulations in place by bodies such as the Financial Services Authority (FSA) in the UK which limit the entry of other financial firms into the market (Datamonitor, November 2009). Moreover, the likelihood of new entrants in the industry has been reduced with the current global economic situation causing reduction in consumers confidence in the industry, increased merger and acquisitions amongst key players and government bail-outs for large institutions (Datamonitor, December 2009). Bargaining Power of Buyers Is moderate for individual consumers as there are many in number and the impact of losing one customer is low. However, buying power is higher for corporate clients as they usually pay huge premiums and loosing high-margin clients will have a negative impact on the companys revenues. There are plenty of alternatives in the industry but the switching cost is relatively high for consumers as changing players will involve surrendering or ending a policy before it matures which will have cost and tax implications for them. Existence of price comparison websites and financial services consultants boost buyer power as they empower buyers to shop-around for the best deal available due to the importance of the product offered. With the economic downturn, buyers disposable incomes have also been reduced. This has an indirect impact on their buyer behaviour as they may choose not to invest in financial services as they might not come across as necessities (Datamonitor, November 2009). Bargaining Power of Suppliers Overall bargaining power of suppliers is strong. This is because companies operating in this market require a reliable and secure ICT infrastructure to help conduct vital back-office and client-facing functions such as online equity trading and online banking. Studies conducted by Datamonitor (2009) indicate that complex hardware and software requirements by major players in the industry lead to few suppliers which can offer suitable solutions to them, and these tend to be large organisations such as IBM or Microsoft. This consequently strengthens the bargaining position of suppliers such as IT consultants, hardware and software suppliers and internet service providers. Moreover, large firms tend to be committed to one supplier, thereby imposing high switching costs on themselves. Additionally, large firms with extensive branches face high staffing costs because of the need for skilled employees (Datamonitor, December 2009). SWOT Analysis Strengths Strong Market Position in Asia, Europe and the U.S. the three most attractive savings markets in the world provide a competitive edge to the company. This helps the company to retain existing and attract new customers (Datamonitor, November 2009). The group has always endeavoured to continuously improve its brand value by contextualising and localising its marketing strategies. With the big demographic shift, the groups focus on brand value is expected to help capturing a huge share in the global retirement and asset management markets (Prudential Plc website, 2010) The company has a strong financial position thereby standing it in good stead in the current economic downturn and tight capital markets across the globe (Datamonitor, November 2009 ). Weaknesses High operating costs pose a risk of reducing profit margins for the company which would directly affect its competitiveness as compared to its rivals (Ebsco Host , 2009). Overall group performance is being affected by its exposure to the sub-prime mortgage sector through its subsidiary Jackson National Life in USA due to predicted high losses in the coming financial year (Ebsco Host, 2009). Opportunities Expansion in the Asian market could help to increase the groups revenues and overall profits. This is because the group has high brand recognition and a strong customer base of 7 million added to booming economic activity leading to higher personal wealth , greater disposable incomes and a growing demand for protection and savings products (Ebsco Host, 2008). With the aging of the baby- boomer generation there is huge increase in demand for pension and retirement products. Studies reveal that the market for retirement products is already the largest driver of growth in financial services (Ebsco Host, 2009). This change could benefit the life and pension business of the Prudential. The anticipated growth (9.9 percent compounded annual growth rate for 2006-2012) of the global asset management industry will help to strengthen the companys market position (Ebsco Host, 2009). Cost savings would increase the companys profitability (Ebsco Host, 2009). Threats Existence of namesakes worldwide, the closest one being Prudential Financial Inc, confuses consumers and can result in loss of business. This is aggravated by the increasing popularity of the internet wherein it has become difficult to differentiate between the company and its namesakes (Ebsco Host, 2008). Studies reveal an increasing number of insurance frauds in the industry. With Prudentials large scale of operation, this could lead to increase in claim losses and operation margins .This could force the group to pass insurance fraud costs to policy holders or opt for lower reinsurance cover, thereby causing an adverse affect to profitability (Ebsco Host, 2008). Value Chain Analysis Value-chain analysis is a useful tool to determine how an organisation creates its competitive edge over its rival firms (Dess et al, 2008). Primary Value Chain Activities: Inbound Logistics Prudentials inbound logistics policy is to work in partnership with suppliers who operate with policies and procedures consistent with the standards set out in the Group Code of Business Conduct (the Code), and to help them reduce their impact on the environment. This enables the group to maximise their beneficial social impact and minimise environmental impact. In its dealings with suppliers , the company endeavours to maintain the highest possible standards of integrity in business relationships. All subsidiaries are encouraged to use only those suppliers who operate with values and standards equivalent to the Group. The company has a strict policy to agree terms of payment when orders for goods and services are placed and pay in accordance with those terms (Prudential Plc Annual Report, 2008). Operations As Dess et al (2008) postulate, creation of environmentally friendly manufacturing processes is also one way of achieving competitive advantage, Prudential Plc are no stranger to this. The group actively endeavours to reduce its environmental footprints directly and indirectly. Examples include activities such as introduction of Energy performance certificates , achieving ISO 14001 certification, publishing sustainable development framework to encourage sustainable practices across the industry (Prudential Plc Corporate Responsibility Report, 2008). Outbound Logistics The company uses Single Customer View architecture to enable it to store in one place, information on different products and account data relating to any customer. This provides one point of contact for customers ensuring faster responses to queries and quicker problem resolution. The architecture has helped the company to consolidate its call centres as it helps to provide staff with an overview of all customers and their value to the company resulting in cost savings (Beckett, 2005). Marketing and Sales The Prudential built its reputation by providing financial advice and products to customers through an army of door-to-door salesmen. However, since 2002 the man from the Pru image has been replaced by automated channels and intermediaries because the direct selling method was not suitable for the company anymore. The new image has Retirement has more potential with Prudential as its tagline. The company now uses print, online, direct response, radio and television advertising as well as sponsorship of client interest programmes (Marketing Week, 2007; Phang, L, 2008). Service The group continues to maintain high standards of customer service ensuring that they receive fair, transparent financial products through a variety of trusted channels. Prudential endeavours to meet the rapidly changing needs of its target audience. The company has tracking systems in place to regularly monitor customer satisfaction. Examples of good customer service include achieving the 2008 award for highest customer satisfaction in the financial services industry in North America; surveys reveal that 88 percent of Prudential UK customers feel they are treated fairly; conducting agency training and leadership development to promote a deeper understanding of customers financial goals (Prudential Plc Corporate Responsibility Report, 2008). Support Value Chain Activities: Procurement Prudential encourages all its subsidiaries to develop collaborative win-win relationships with its suppliers and contractors to ensure the quality and profitability of its products and services (Prudential Plc Corporate Responsibility Report, 2008). Technology Development The importance of technology can hardly be undermined for the group. Prudential has always been at the forefront to develop and install automated systems to aid in its administrative functions. The company has created its own customer information system, Single View to enable it to manage the quality of its data. This new system also helps the company to cater to online marketing and customer management (Beckett, 2005). Human Resource Management (HRM) The companys HR strategy focuses on five key elements: getting the right people into the business; building and rewarding performance; growing a strong talent pipeline; developing credible successors and; developing an organisation that works. The group has also launched a group-wide Momentum Programme to attract a wide diversity of applicants (Prudential Plc Corporate Responsibility Report, 2008). General Administration Prudential has an effective planning system in place to help it to attain overall goals. This is backed by the ability of its top management to anticipate and respond to key environmental trends and events such as the demographic shift in global population. Through its sustainable development initiatives, the company has maintained excellent relationships with its diverse stakeholder groups. There is an effective IT division which helps to integrate the companys value creating activities (Prudential Plc Corporate Responsibility Report, 2008). Conclusion Prudential Plcs several strengths and opportunities are helping the company not only to survive but also grow in this global economic downturn following the banking industry crisis. The retail financial services industry is undergoing a fundamental transformation as one of the biggest demographic waves in history transitions out of the workforce and into active retirement. Over the coming years, this global retirement opportunity will be a significant driver of further growth for Prudential. However, the group need to be wary of its high operating costs in order to maximise the profitability of its products and services.